JAPÃO OKINAWA KARATÊ-DÔ ESTILOS TRADICIONAIS: Guerra Sino-Japonesa Segunda KARATÊ-DÔ HISTÓRIA E ORIGEM

Notas

^ Taylor, Jay, The Generalissimo, p.645.

^ Chung Wu Taipei "History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)" 1972 pp 535

^ Jowett, Phillip, Rays of the Rising Sun, p.72.

^ Clodfelter, Michael "Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference", Vol. 2, pp. 956.

^ Dower, John "War Without Mercy", pp. 297.

^ ^a b Chung Wu Taipei "History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)" 1972 pp 565

^ Bix, Herbert P. (1992), "The Showa Emperor's 'Monologue' and the Problem of War Responsibility", Journal of Japanese Studies18 (2): 295–363, doi : 10.2307/132824

^ China did not declare war on Japan de jure until December 1941, for fear of alienating the Western powers in Asia. Once Japan broadened the conflict, China was free to officially declare war on Japan.

^ Wilson, Dick, When Tigers Fight: The story of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945, p.5

^ Wilson, Dick, p.4

^ "Foreign News: Revenge?" . Time magazine . 13 August 1923 .

^ Hoyt, Edwin P., Japan's War: The Great Pacific Conflict, p.45

^ Palmer and Colton, A History of Modern World, p.725

^ Taylor, Jay, p.33

^ Taylor, Jay, p.57

^ Taylor, Jay, p.79, p.82

^ Boorman, Biographical Dictionary, vol.1, p.121

^ Taylor, Jay, p.83

^ Herbert Bix, Hirohito and the making of modern Japan, 2001, p.364

^ Fu Jing-hui, An Introduction of Chinese and Foreign History of War, 2003, p.109–111

^ Ray Huang, Chiang Kai-shek Diary from a Macro History Perspective, 1994, p.168

^ Ray Huang, 1994, p.259

^ "Crisis" . Time magazine . 13 November 1944 .

^ Taylor, Jay, The Generalissimo, p.156.

^ [1] ^{[ link morto ]}

^ "Memorandum by Mr J. McEwen, Minister for External Affairs 10 May 1940" . Info.dfat.gov.au . Obtido 2010/12/02.

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^ Hans Van de Ven, "Stilwell in the Stocks: The Chinese Nationalists and the Allied Powers in the Second World War,"Asian Affairs 34.3 (November 2003): 243-259.

^ Ray Huang, 1994, p.299-300.

^ Roy MacLaren, 1981, p.200-220

^ Ray Huang, 1994, p.420

^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named d2723 ; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text

^ Marr (1995), p. 165.

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^ Japan triggered bubonic plague outbreak, doctor claims , [2] ,http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/wwii.html , A time-line of World War II, Scaruffi Piero. Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda and Prince Mikasareceived a special screening by Shirō Ishii of a film showing imperial planes loading germ bombs for bubonic dissemination over Ningbo in 1940. (Daniel Barenblatt, A Plague upon Humanity , 2004, p.32.) All these weapons were experimented with on humans before being used in the field.

^ Daniel Barenblatt, A Plague upon Humanity , 2004, pages 220–221.

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^ Nihon Gaiji Kyōkai (1938). Contemporary Japan: a review of Far Eastern affairs, Volume 7 . The Foreign Affairs Association of Japan. . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Xiaoyuan Liu (2004). Frontier passages: ethnopolitics and the rise of Chinese communism, 1921–1945 . Stanford University Press.p. 240. ISBN 0804749604 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ George Barry O'Toole, Jên-yü Tsʻai (1941). The China monthly, Volumes 3–5 . The China monthly incorporated. . Obtido 2010/06/28.

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^ Jonathan Neaman Lipman (2004). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China . Seattle: Imprensa da Universidade de Washington. p. 266. ISBN 9050295976446 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Papers from the Conference on Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance, Banff, August 20–24, 1987, Volume 3 .1987. p. 254 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Stéphane A. Dudoignon (2004). Devout societies vs. impious states?: transmitting Islamic learning in Russia, Central Asia and China, through the twentieth century : proceedings of an international colloquium held in the Carré des Sciences, French Ministry of Research, Paris, November 12–13, 2001 . Schwarz..p. 282. ISBN 3879973148 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Jonathan Neaman Lipman (2004). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China . Seattle: Imprensa da Universidade de Washington. p. 266. ISBN 9050295976446 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Andrew DW Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 . Cambridge, na Inglaterra: Arquivo CUP. p. 130. ISBN 9780521255141 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Australian National University. Department of Far Eastern History (1989). Papers on Far Eastern history, Issues 39–42 . Canberra: Dept. of Far Eastern History, Australian National University. pp. 125, 127 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Frederick Roelker Wulsin, Mary Ellen Alonso, Joseph Fletcher, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, National Geographic Society (US), Peabody Museum of Salem, Pacific Asia Museum (1979). China's inner Asian frontier: photographs of the Wulsin expedition to northwest China in 1923 : from the archives of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society . Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Museum : distributed by Harvard University Press. p. 108. ISBN 0674119681, 9780674119680 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Jonathan Neaman Lipman (2004). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China . Seattle: Imprensa da Universidade de Washington. pp. 125, 126 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ "Ma Buluan" . Generals.dk . Obtido 2010/12/02.

^ "马家军悲壮的抗战：百名骑兵集体投河殉国(1)" . 军事－中华网 . 19 September 2008 .

^ Dinesh Lal (2008). Indo-Tibet–China conflict . Gyan Editora. p.309. ISBN 8178357143 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ Lin, Hsiao-ting. "War or Stratagem? Reassessing China's Military Advance towards Tibet, 1942–1943" . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft%3Aen-us&q=chiang+ma+bufang+qinghai+troops+sino+tibetan+border+site%3Ajournals.cambridge.org&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=

^ David P. Barrett, Lawrence N. Shyu (2001). China in the anti-Japanese War, 1937–1945: politics, culture and society . Peter Lang. p. 240. ISBN 0820445568 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ David SG Goodman (2004). China's campaign to "Open up the West": national, provincial, and local perspectives . Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN 0521613493 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ American Asiatic Association (1940). Asia: journal of the American Asiatic Association, Volume 40 . Pub. Ásia. Co.. p. 660. Obtido 2011/05/08.

^ http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp

^ Robert Pape A.. Why Japan Surrendered. International Security , Vol. 18, No. 2 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 154–201

^ ^a b World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Taiwan : Overview UNHCR

^ name="aao.sinica.edu.tw" [3] Disputes over Taiwanese Sovereignty and the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty Since World War II

^ [4] FOCUS: Taiwan–Japan ties back on shaky ground as Taipei snubs Tokyo envoy

^ "抗战胜利大事记:共产党抗日武装战史[组图]" . News.xinhuanet.com . Obtido 2010/12/02.

^ Kahn, Joseph (4 September 2005). "China Observes Date of Japan's Surrender" . New York Times . Retrieved May 23, 2010 .

^ Chang and Ming, July 12, 2005, pg. 8; and Chang and Halliday, pg. 233, 246, 286–287

^ Dallin and Firsov, Dimitrov and Stalin, pp.115, 120

^ Yang Kuisong, "The Formation and Implementation of the Chinese Communists' Guerrilla Warfare Strategy in the Enemy's Rear during the Sino-Japanese War", paper presented at Harvard University Conference on Wartime China, Maui, January 2004, pp. 32–36

^ Chang and Halliday, pg. 231

^ Chang and Halliday, pg. 232

^ s:zh:中国共产党为日帝国主义强占东三省第二次宣言

^ Arthur Waldron, China's New Remembering of World War II: The Case of Zhang Zizhong , Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, Special Issue: War in Modern China (Oct., 1996), pp. 972

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^ Hsu Long-hsuen "History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)" Taipei 1972

^ Ho Ping-ti. Studies on the Population of China, 1368–1953. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959.

^ Himeta, Sankô sakusen towa nan dataka-Chûgokujin no mita Nihon no sensô , Iwanami Bukuretto 1996, p.43.

^ Ho Ying-chin , Who Actually Fought the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945? 1978

^ Ministry of Defense (Japan) official figures.

^ This was the official death toll released by the Japanese Defense Ministry, but some Historians put casualty numbers at higher rate.

^ ed. Coox, Alvin and Hilary Conroy "China and Japan: A Search for Balance since World War I", pp. 308.

^ ^a b ed. Coox, Alvin and Hilary Conroy "China and Japan: A Search for Balance since World War I", pp. 308.

^ ed. Dower, John "War Without Mercy", pp. 297.

^ Dower, John "War Without Mercy", pp. 297

^ ed. Coox, Alvin and Hilary Conroy "China and Japan: A Search for Balance since World War I", pp. 296.

^ China monthly review, Volume 95 . Millard Publishing Co..1940. p. 187 . Obtido 2010/06/28.

^ "google search of the source" . Google.com. 2004-05-23 .Obtido 2010/12/02.

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^ ^a b David Murray Horner (24 July 2003). The Second World War: The Pacific . Taylor & Francis. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9780415968454 .Obtido 6 de março de 2011.

^ Jowett, Phillip, Rays of the Rising Sun, pg.130–133.

Referências e bibliografia

Chang, Flora and Ming, Chu-cheng. (July 12, 2005). Rewriters of history ignore truth. Taipei Times , pg. 8.

Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945" Journal of Military History (Jan 2006) v 70#1, pp 137–82. Historiographical overview of major books from the 1970s through 2006 ( for paid subscribers only).

Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, Mao: The Unknown Story (London, 2005); Jonathan Cape, ISBN 0-679-42271-4

Annalee Jacoby and Theodore H. White, Thunder out of China , New York: William Sloane Associates, 1946

從大歷史的角度讀蔣介石日記 Reading Chiang Kai-shek's Diary from a Macro History Perspective

Author : Ray Huang
Press : China Times Publishing Company
Date published : 1994-1-31
ISBN 957-13-0962-1

中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations

Author : Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
Press : Jiangsu People's Publishing House
Date published : 2005-7-1
ISBN 7-214-03034-9
On line in Chinese: 中国抗战正向战场作战记

Jowett, Phillip (2005). Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo . Helion and Company Ltd. ISBN 1-874622-21-3 . - Book about the Chinese and Mongolians who fought for the Japanese during the war.

Long-hsuen, Hsu; Chang Ming-kai (1972). History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945) . Chung Wu Publishers. ASIN B00005W210.

Peattie, Mark. Edward Drea, and Hans van de Ven, eds. (2011) The Battle for China: Essays on the Military History of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945 (Stanford University Press); 614 pages

Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 987-0-674-03338-2 .

Wilson, Dick (1982). When Tigers Fight: The story of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945 . New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-76003-X .

Salisbury, Harrison (2000). China 100 years of revolution . JC Suates. doi : 10.1007/b62130 . ISBN 0233975993 .

Zarrow, Peter. "The War of Resistance, 1937–45". China in war and revolution 1895–1949 . London: Routledge, 2005.

MacLaren, Roy (1981). Canadians Behind Enemy Lines 1939-1945 . UBC Press. ISBN 0-7748-1100-5 . - Book about the Chinese Canadians and Americans who fought against Japan in the Second World War.

Ligações externas

s:Addresses to the House of Respresentatives and to the Senate by Soong Mai Ling

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Second Sino-Japanese War

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 中國工農紅軍

World War II Newspaper Archives – War in China, 1937–1945

Annals of the Flying Tigers

(Chinese) / (English) KangZhan.org – Gallery and history of the Sino-Japanese war

Japanese soldiers in the Sino-Japanese war, 1937–1938 (Japanese)

History and Commercial Atlas of China, Harvard University Press 1935, by Albert Herrmann, Ph.D. See bottom of the list for 1930s maps.

Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection , China 1:250,000, Series L500, US Army Map Service, 1954– . Topographic Maps of China during the Second World War.

Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Manchuria 1:250,000, Series L542, US Army Map Service, 1950– . Topographic Maps of Manchuria during the Second World War.

Joint Study of the Sino-Japanese War, Harvard University . Multi-year project seeks to expand research by promoting cooperation among scholars and institutions in China, Japan, the United States, and other nations. Includes extensive bibliographies